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<?php
/**
* CakePHP(tm) : Rapid Development Framework (https://cakephp.org)
* Copyright (c) Cake Software Foundation, Inc. (https://cakefoundation.org)
*
* Licensed under The MIT License
* For full copyright and license information, please see the LICENSE.txt
* Redistributions of files must retain the above copyright notice.
*
* @copyright Copyright (c) Cake Software Foundation, Inc. (https://cakefoundation.org)
* @link https://cakephp.org CakePHP(tm) Project
* @since 0.10.8
* @license https://opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php MIT License
*/
namespace Cake\Controller\Component;
use Cake\Controller\Component;
use Cake\Controller\Controller;
use Cake\Controller\Exception\AuthSecurityException;
use Cake\Controller\Exception\SecurityException;
use Cake\Core\Configure;
use Cake\Event\Event;
use Cake\Http\Exception\BadRequestException;
use Cake\Http\ServerRequest;
use Cake\Routing\Router;
use Cake\Utility\Hash;
use Cake\Utility\Security;
/**
* The Security Component creates an easy way to integrate tighter security in
* your application. It provides methods for various tasks like:
*
* - Restricting which HTTP methods your application accepts.
* - Form tampering protection
* - Requiring that SSL be used.
* - Limiting cross controller communication.
*
* @link https://book.cakephp.org/3.0/en/controllers/components/security.html
*/
class SecurityComponent extends Component
{
/**
* Default message used for exceptions thrown
*/
const DEFAULT_EXCEPTION_MESSAGE = 'The request has been black-holed';
/**
* Default config
*
* - `blackHoleCallback` - The controller method that will be called if this
* request is black-hole'd.
* - `requireSecure` - List of actions that require an SSL-secured connection.
* - `requireAuth` - List of actions that require a valid authentication key. Deprecated as of 3.2.2
* - `allowedControllers` - Controllers from which actions of the current
* controller are allowed to receive requests.
* - `allowedActions` - Actions from which actions of the current controller
* are allowed to receive requests.
* - `unlockedFields` - Form fields to exclude from POST validation. Fields can
* be unlocked either in the Component, or with FormHelper::unlockField().
* Fields that have been unlocked are not required to be part of the POST
* and hidden unlocked fields do not have their values checked.
* - `unlockedActions` - Actions to exclude from POST validation checks.
* Other checks like requireAuth(), requireSecure() etc. will still be applied.
* - `validatePost` - Whether to validate POST data. Set to false to disable
* for data coming from 3rd party services, etc.
*
* @var array
*/
protected $_defaultConfig = [
'blackHoleCallback' => null,
'requireSecure' => [],
'requireAuth' => [],
'allowedControllers' => [],
'allowedActions' => [],
'unlockedFields' => [],
'unlockedActions' => [],
'validatePost' => true
];
/**
* Holds the current action of the controller
*
* @var string
*/
protected $_action;
/**
* The Session object
*
* @var \Cake\Http\Session
*/
public $session;
/**
* Component startup. All security checking happens here.
*
* @param \Cake\Event\Event $event An Event instance
* @return mixed
*/
public function startup(Event $event)
{
/** @var \Cake\Controller\Controller $controller */
$controller = $event->getSubject();
$request = $controller->request;
$this->session = $request->getSession();
$this->_action = $request->getParam('action');
$hasData = ($request->getData() || $request->is(['put', 'post', 'delete', 'patch']));
try {
$this->_secureRequired($controller);
$this->_authRequired($controller);
$isNotRequestAction = !$request->getParam('requested');
if ($this->_action === $this->_config['blackHoleCallback']) {
throw new AuthSecurityException(sprintf('Action %s is defined as the blackhole callback.', $this->_action));
}
if (!in_array($this->_action, (array)$this->_config['unlockedActions']) &&
$hasData &&
$isNotRequestAction &&
$this->_config['validatePost']
) {
$this->_validatePost($controller);
}
} catch (SecurityException $se) {
$this->blackHole($controller, $se->getType(), $se);
}
$request = $this->generateToken($request);
if ($hasData && is_array($controller->request->getData())) {
$request = $request->withoutData('_Token');
}
$controller->request = $request;
}
/**
* Events supported by this component.
*
* @return array
*/
public function implementedEvents()
{
return [
'Controller.startup' => 'startup',
];
}
/**
* Sets the actions that require a request that is SSL-secured, or empty for all actions
*
* @param string|array|null $actions Actions list
* @return void
*/
public function requireSecure($actions = null)
{
$this->_requireMethod('Secure', (array)$actions);
}
/**
* Sets the actions that require whitelisted form submissions.
*
* Adding actions with this method will enforce the restrictions
* set in SecurityComponent::$allowedControllers and
* SecurityComponent::$allowedActions.
*
* @param string|array $actions Actions list
* @return void
* @deprecated 3.2.2 This feature is confusing and not useful.
*/
public function requireAuth($actions)
{
deprecationWarning('SecurityComponent::requireAuth() will be removed in 4.0.0.');
$this->_requireMethod('Auth', (array)$actions);
}
/**
* Black-hole an invalid request with a 400 error or custom callback. If SecurityComponent::$blackHoleCallback
* is specified, it will use this callback by executing the method indicated in $error
*
* @param \Cake\Controller\Controller $controller Instantiating controller
* @param string $error Error method
* @param \Cake\Controller\Exception\SecurityException|null $exception Additional debug info describing the cause
* @return mixed If specified, controller blackHoleCallback's response, or no return otherwise
* @see \Cake\Controller\Component\SecurityComponent::$blackHoleCallback
* @link https://book.cakephp.org/3.0/en/controllers/components/security.html#handling-blackhole-callbacks
* @throws \Cake\Http\Exception\BadRequestException
*/
public function blackHole(Controller $controller, $error = '', SecurityException $exception = null)
{
if (!$this->_config['blackHoleCallback']) {
$this->_throwException($exception);
}
return $this->_callback($controller, $this->_config['blackHoleCallback'], [$error, $exception]);
}
/**
* Check debug status and throw an Exception based on the existing one
*
* @param \Cake\Controller\Exception\SecurityException|null $exception Additional debug info describing the cause
* @throws \Cake\Http\Exception\BadRequestException
* @return void
*/
protected function _throwException($exception = null)
{
if ($exception !== null) {
if (!Configure::read('debug') && $exception instanceof SecurityException) {
$exception->setReason($exception->getMessage());
$exception->setMessage(self::DEFAULT_EXCEPTION_MESSAGE);
}
throw $exception;
}
throw new BadRequestException(self::DEFAULT_EXCEPTION_MESSAGE);
}
/**
* Sets the actions that require a $method HTTP request, or empty for all actions
*
* @param string $method The HTTP method to assign controller actions to
* @param array $actions Controller actions to set the required HTTP method to.
* @return void
*/
protected function _requireMethod($method, $actions = [])
{
if (isset($actions[0]) && is_array($actions[0])) {
$actions = $actions[0];
}
$this->setConfig('require' . $method, empty($actions) ? ['*'] : $actions);
}
/**
* Check if access requires secure connection
*
* @param \Cake\Controller\Controller $controller Instantiating controller
* @return bool true if secure connection required
*/
protected function _secureRequired(Controller $controller)
{
if (is_array($this->_config['requireSecure']) &&
!empty($this->_config['requireSecure'])
) {
$requireSecure = $this->_config['requireSecure'];
if (in_array($this->_action, $requireSecure) || $requireSecure === ['*']) {
if (!$this->request->is('ssl')) {
throw new SecurityException(
'Request is not SSL and the action is required to be secure'
);
}
}
}
return true;
}
/**
* Check if authentication is required
*
* @param \Cake\Controller\Controller $controller Instantiating controller
* @return bool true if authentication required
* @deprecated 3.2.2 This feature is confusing and not useful.
*/
protected function _authRequired(Controller $controller)
{
$request = $controller->request;
if (is_array($this->_config['requireAuth']) &&
!empty($this->_config['requireAuth']) &&
$request->getData()
) {
deprecationWarning('SecurityComponent::requireAuth() will be removed in 4.0.0.');
$requireAuth = $this->_config['requireAuth'];
if (in_array($request->getParam('action'), $requireAuth) || $requireAuth == ['*']) {
if ($request->getData('_Token') === null) {
throw new AuthSecurityException('\'_Token\' was not found in request data.');
}
if ($this->session->check('_Token')) {
$tData = $this->session->read('_Token');
if (!empty($tData['allowedControllers']) &&
!in_array($request->getParam('controller'), $tData['allowedControllers'])) {
throw new AuthSecurityException(
sprintf(
'Controller \'%s\' was not found in allowed controllers: \'%s\'.',
$request->getParam('controller'),
implode(', ', (array)$tData['allowedControllers'])
)
);
}
if (!empty($tData['allowedActions']) &&
!in_array($request->getParam('action'), $tData['allowedActions'])
) {
throw new AuthSecurityException(
sprintf(
'Action \'%s::%s\' was not found in allowed actions: \'%s\'.',
$request->getParam('controller'),
$request->getParam('action'),
implode(', ', (array)$tData['allowedActions'])
)
);
}
} else {
throw new AuthSecurityException('\'_Token\' was not found in session.');
}
}
}
return true;
}
/**
* Validate submitted form
*
* @param \Cake\Controller\Controller $controller Instantiating controller
* @throws \Cake\Controller\Exception\AuthSecurityException
* @return bool true if submitted form is valid
*/
protected function _validatePost(Controller $controller)
{
$token = $this->_validToken($controller);
$hashParts = $this->_hashParts($controller);
$check = hash_hmac('sha1', implode('', $hashParts), Security::getSalt());
if (hash_equals($check, $token)) {
return true;
}
$msg = self::DEFAULT_EXCEPTION_MESSAGE;
if (Configure::read('debug')) {
$msg = $this->_debugPostTokenNotMatching($controller, $hashParts);
}
throw new AuthSecurityException($msg);
}
/**
* Check if token is valid
*
* @param \Cake\Controller\Controller $controller Instantiating controller
* @throws \Cake\Controller\Exception\SecurityException
* @return string fields token
*/
protected function _validToken(Controller $controller)
{
$check = $controller->request->getData();
$message = '\'%s\' was not found in request data.';
if (!isset($check['_Token'])) {
throw new AuthSecurityException(sprintf($message, '_Token'));
}
if (!isset($check['_Token']['fields'])) {
throw new AuthSecurityException(sprintf($message, '_Token.fields'));
}
if (!isset($check['_Token']['unlocked'])) {
throw new AuthSecurityException(sprintf($message, '_Token.unlocked'));
}
if (Configure::read('debug') && !isset($check['_Token']['debug'])) {
throw new SecurityException(sprintf($message, '_Token.debug'));
}
if (!Configure::read('debug') && isset($check['_Token']['debug'])) {
throw new SecurityException('Unexpected \'_Token.debug\' found in request data');
}
$token = urldecode($check['_Token']['fields']);
if (strpos($token, ':')) {
list($token, ) = explode(':', $token, 2);
}
return $token;
}
/**
* Return hash parts for the Token generation
*
* @param \Cake\Controller\Controller $controller Instantiating controller
* @return array
*/
protected function _hashParts(Controller $controller)
{
$request = $controller->getRequest();
// Start the session to ensure we get the correct session id.
$session = $request->getSession();
$session->start();
$data = $request->getData();
$fieldList = $this->_fieldsList($data);
$unlocked = $this->_sortedUnlocked($data);
return [
Router::url($request->getRequestTarget()),
serialize($fieldList),
$unlocked,
$session->id()
];
}
/**
* Return the fields list for the hash calculation
*
* @param array $check Data array
* @return array
*/
protected function _fieldsList(array $check)
{
$locked = '';
$token = urldecode($check['_Token']['fields']);
$unlocked = $this->_unlocked($check);
if (strpos($token, ':')) {
list($token, $locked) = explode(':', $token, 2);
}
unset($check['_Token'], $check['_csrfToken']);
$locked = explode('|', $locked);
$unlocked = explode('|', $unlocked);
$fields = Hash::flatten($check);
$fieldList = array_keys($fields);
$multi = $lockedFields = [];
$isUnlocked = false;
foreach ($fieldList as $i => $key) {
if (preg_match('/(\.\d+){1,10}$/', $key)) {
$multi[$i] = preg_replace('/(\.\d+){1,10}$/', '', $key);
unset($fieldList[$i]);
} else {
$fieldList[$i] = (string)$key;
}
}
if (!empty($multi)) {
$fieldList += array_unique($multi);
}
$unlockedFields = array_unique(
array_merge((array)$this->getConfig('disabledFields'), (array)$this->_config['unlockedFields'], $unlocked)
);
foreach ($fieldList as $i => $key) {
$isLocked = (is_array($locked) && in_array($key, $locked));
if (!empty($unlockedFields)) {
foreach ($unlockedFields as $off) {
$off = explode('.', $off);
$field = array_values(array_intersect(explode('.', $key), $off));
$isUnlocked = ($field === $off);
if ($isUnlocked) {
break;
}
}
}
if ($isUnlocked || $isLocked) {
unset($fieldList[$i]);
if ($isLocked) {
$lockedFields[$key] = $fields[$key];
}
}
}
sort($fieldList, SORT_STRING);
ksort($lockedFields, SORT_STRING);
$fieldList += $lockedFields;
return $fieldList;
}
/**
* Get the unlocked string
*
* @param array $data Data array
* @return string
*/
protected function _unlocked(array $data)
{
return urldecode($data['_Token']['unlocked']);
}
/**
* Get the sorted unlocked string
*
* @param array $data Data array
* @return string
*/
protected function _sortedUnlocked($data)
{
$unlocked = $this->_unlocked($data);
$unlocked = explode('|', $unlocked);
sort($unlocked, SORT_STRING);
return implode('|', $unlocked);
}
/**
* Create a message for humans to understand why Security token is not matching
*
* @param \Cake\Controller\Controller $controller Instantiating controller
* @param array $hashParts Elements used to generate the Token hash
* @return string Message explaining why the tokens are not matching
*/
protected function _debugPostTokenNotMatching(Controller $controller, $hashParts)
{
$messages = [];
$expectedParts = json_decode(urldecode($controller->request->getData('_Token.debug')), true);
if (!is_array($expectedParts) || count($expectedParts) !== 3) {
return 'Invalid security debug token.';
}
$expectedUrl = Hash::get($expectedParts, 0);
$url = Hash::get($hashParts, 0);
if ($expectedUrl !== $url) {
$messages[] = sprintf('URL mismatch in POST data (expected \'%s\' but found \'%s\')', $expectedUrl, $url);
}
$expectedFields = Hash::get($expectedParts, 1);
$dataFields = Hash::get($hashParts, 1);
if ($dataFields) {
$dataFields = unserialize($dataFields);
}
$fieldsMessages = $this->_debugCheckFields(
$dataFields,
$expectedFields,
'Unexpected field \'%s\' in POST data',
'Tampered field \'%s\' in POST data (expected value \'%s\' but found \'%s\')',
'Missing field \'%s\' in POST data'
);
$expectedUnlockedFields = Hash::get($expectedParts, 2);
$dataUnlockedFields = Hash::get($hashParts, 2) ?: null;
if ($dataUnlockedFields) {
$dataUnlockedFields = explode('|', $dataUnlockedFields);
}
$unlockFieldsMessages = $this->_debugCheckFields(
(array)$dataUnlockedFields,
$expectedUnlockedFields,
'Unexpected unlocked field \'%s\' in POST data',
null,
'Missing unlocked field: \'%s\''
);
$messages = array_merge($messages, $fieldsMessages, $unlockFieldsMessages);
return implode(', ', $messages);
}
/**
* Iterates data array to check against expected
*
* @param array $dataFields Fields array, containing the POST data fields
* @param array $expectedFields Fields array, containing the expected fields we should have in POST
* @param string $intKeyMessage Message string if unexpected found in data fields indexed by int (not protected)
* @param string $stringKeyMessage Message string if tampered found in data fields indexed by string (protected)
* @param string $missingMessage Message string if missing field
* @return array Messages
*/
protected function _debugCheckFields($dataFields, $expectedFields = [], $intKeyMessage = '', $stringKeyMessage = '', $missingMessage = '')
{
$messages = $this->_matchExistingFields($dataFields, $expectedFields, $intKeyMessage, $stringKeyMessage);
$expectedFieldsMessage = $this->_debugExpectedFields($expectedFields, $missingMessage);
if ($expectedFieldsMessage !== null) {
$messages[] = $expectedFieldsMessage;
}
return $messages;
}
/**
* Manually add form tampering prevention token information into the provided
* request object.
*
* @param \Cake\Http\ServerRequest $request The request object to add into.
* @return \Cake\Http\ServerRequest The modified request.
*/
public function generateToken(ServerRequest $request)
{
if ($request->is('requested')) {
if ($this->session->check('_Token')) {
$request = $request->withParam('_Token', $this->session->read('_Token'));
}
return $request;
}
$token = [
'allowedControllers' => $this->_config['allowedControllers'],
'allowedActions' => $this->_config['allowedActions'],
'unlockedFields' => $this->_config['unlockedFields'],
];
$this->session->write('_Token', $token);
return $request->withParam('_Token', [
'unlockedFields' => $token['unlockedFields']
]);
}
/**
* Calls a controller callback method
*
* @param \Cake\Controller\Controller $controller Instantiating controller
* @param string $method Method to execute
* @param array $params Parameters to send to method
* @return mixed Controller callback method's response
* @throws \Cake\Http\Exception\BadRequestException When a the blackholeCallback is not callable.
*/
protected function _callback(Controller $controller, $method, $params = [])
{
if (!is_callable([$controller, $method])) {
throw new BadRequestException('The request has been black-holed');
}
return call_user_func_array([&$controller, $method], empty($params) ? null : $params);
}
/**
* Generate array of messages for the existing fields in POST data, matching dataFields in $expectedFields
* will be unset
*
* @param array $dataFields Fields array, containing the POST data fields
* @param array $expectedFields Fields array, containing the expected fields we should have in POST
* @param string $intKeyMessage Message string if unexpected found in data fields indexed by int (not protected)
* @param string $stringKeyMessage Message string if tampered found in data fields indexed by string (protected)
* @return array Error messages
*/
protected function _matchExistingFields($dataFields, &$expectedFields, $intKeyMessage, $stringKeyMessage)
{
$messages = [];
foreach ((array)$dataFields as $key => $value) {
if (is_int($key)) {
$foundKey = array_search($value, (array)$expectedFields);
if ($foundKey === false) {
$messages[] = sprintf($intKeyMessage, $value);
} else {
unset($expectedFields[$foundKey]);
}
} elseif (is_string($key)) {
if (isset($expectedFields[$key]) && $value !== $expectedFields[$key]) {
$messages[] = sprintf($stringKeyMessage, $key, $expectedFields[$key], $value);
}
unset($expectedFields[$key]);
}
}
return $messages;
}
/**
* Generate debug message for the expected fields
*
* @param array $expectedFields Expected fields
* @param string $missingMessage Message template
* @return string|null Error message about expected fields
*/
protected function _debugExpectedFields($expectedFields = [], $missingMessage = '')
{
if (count($expectedFields) === 0) {
return null;
}
$expectedFieldNames = [];
foreach ((array)$expectedFields as $key => $expectedField) {
if (is_int($key)) {
$expectedFieldNames[] = $expectedField;
} else {
$expectedFieldNames[] = $key;
}
}
return sprintf($missingMessage, implode(', ', $expectedFieldNames));
}
}